The Tsimane' and Mosetén Indigenous peoples are territorial neighbors and are part of an isolated sociolinguistic family. The current Tsimane' population is approximately 7,000 inhabitants; and the Mosetén Indigenous people has 1,784 inhabitants. Their scattered settlements are distributed mainly in the upper basin of the Maniquí and Apere Rivers, and in the upper and middle basins of the Beni River and the Quiquibey River in the Ballivián province (Beni). The Mosetén Indigenous people inhabit the upper Beni river basin, towards the confluence of the Beni and Bopi rivers, and extend to the Cotacajes River in the department of La Paz. Both their spaces are circumscribed by the sub-Andean belt, with steep to moderate slopes, stony soils, and a predominance of forests.

The Tsimane' Indigenous people maintained their autonomy until the mid-twentieth century, when state policies promoted the systematic integration of Indigenous peoples into the national society. Despite the presence of evangelical missionaries, the Tsimane' Indigenous people have maintained high levels of autonomy and the highest levels of monolingualism among the peoples of the Bolivian Amazon. The Moseten Indigenous people, despite having been reduced to Franciscan missions until 1942, later administered by Swiss Redemptionists, have maintained a certain cultural homogeneity due to the restrictions on the entry of foreigners imposed by the Franciscans and continued by the Swiss.