The Tacana Indigenous people, whose current population reaches 11,000 people, are scattered over an extensive area of what is northwestern Bolivia. In colonial times, processes of ethnogenesis produced identities related to the Franciscan missions, while in the 19th century, the rubber boom provoked a Tacana diaspora. In the 1990s, a territorial claim process began in the context of the Pan-Amazonian Indigenous movement to secure their territories and self-determination.
Currently, this population is distributed in approximately 100 communities, located in six territories formally titled by the State. The project focuses on two of these territories, Tacana Indigenous Territory I (20 communities) and Tacana Indigenous Territory III (4 communities), located on both banks of the middle Beni River.

Particularly, the first territory is located in a transition zone between the sub-Andean plain and the alluvial plain, characterized by various types of forests and savannahs. The Indigenous territories in this area are part of the Gran Paisaje Madidi, considered one of the most biodiverse landscapes in the world. This region is home to a diversity of archaeological evidence, including rock art.

The Tacana Indigenous people have always struggled to defend their territory. In the 2000s, Indigenous Territories I and III finally received land titles over areas of 389,000 ha (2004 and 2008) and more than 146,266 ha (2005 and 2007), respectively. However, agro-industrial development projects, logging and hydrocarbon concessions, the recent expansion of alluvial gold mining, and the state's plans to build two large hydroelectric dams on the upper Beni River have become major threats. In response, representative organizations, such as the Consejo Indígena del Pueblo Tacana (CIPTA), the Consejo Indígena de Mujeres Tacana (CIMTA), and the Organización de Comunidades Indígenas Tacana de Ballivián (OCITB), have designed and implemented life plans or indigenous territorial management plans that propose the revalorization of their culture, a purpose to which the Heritage and Territoriality project seeks to contribute.